Het gebruik van strakke gasreservoirs vereist de mogelijkheid om putten te breken volgens de productie-eisen. De meeste vereisen meerdere transversale fracturen op specifieke locaties in de horizontale put. Om de productiviteit te maximaliseren, is het creëren van meerdere fracturen van cruciaal belang.
Een populaire methode voor het maken van breuken is het gebruik van frac-poorten en schuifmoffen. Opengatverpakkers isoleren verschillende secties van de horizontale put. Tussen elk pakketje wordt een schuifhuls geplaatst en deze wordt geopend door een kogel in het boorgat te injecteren. Meestal wordt een compleiton-reeks in de put geplaatst. De reeks omvat frac-poorten en open-gatpackers op een afstand van de specificaties. De afstand tussen packaers kan tot enkele honderden voeten zijn. De pakkers worden aangedreven door mechanische, hydraulische of chemische mechanismen. Om elke hoes te activeren, wordt een bal met de juiste afmeting samen met een breekmedium in de put gepompt. Elke bal is kleiner dan de opening van alle vorige sleeves, maar groter dan de sleeve die hij wil openen. De plaatsing van de bal oefent druk uit aan het einde van het schuifmofsamenstel, waardoor deze schuift en de frac-poorten opent. Wanneer de poort eenmaal is geopend, wordt de vloeistof naar de open gatruimte buiten het voltooiingsamenstel geleid, waardoor de formatie tot breuk komt.
Bij het voltooien van elke breukfase wordt de volgende grotere bal geïnjecteerd in de put, die de volgende huls opent, enzovoort, totdat alle hulzen zijn geopend en meerdere breuken in de put zijn gecreëerd. Het belangrijkste voordeel van deze completeringstechniek is de snelheid van werken die ook de kosten verlaagt.
Meestal worden balgroottes opgedeeld in stappen van .500 "of .250". Het is ongepast om te begrijpen dat dit proces niet zonder risico van mislukken is en alleen mag worden ondernomen na veel onderzoek en aandacht. Frac-pluggen zijn ontworpen om alleen van boven de plug af te dichten. Elke plug maakt gebruik van een plastic breekkogel die op de doorn afdicht. De breekbol is vrij om van de doorn te zweven met druk of stroming van onder de plug. Hierdoor is onmiddellijke flowback van alle zones na behandeling mogelijk.
These Terms of Use govern your conduct associated with the Customer Ratings and Review service offered by Professional Plastics (the "CRR Service"). To the extent of any conflict
between Professional Plastics' Privacy Policy and these Terms of Use, these Terms of Use shall control with respect to the Customer Ratings & Reviews.
By submitting any content to Professional Plastics, you represent and warrant that:
you are the sole author and owner of the intellectual property rights thereto
all "moral rights" that you may have in such content have been voluntarily waived by you
all content that you post is accurate
you are at least 18 years old
use of the content you supply does not violate these Terms of Use and will not cause injury to any person or entity.
You further agree and warrant that you shall not submit any content:
that is known by you to be false, inaccurate or misleading;
that infringes any third party's copyright, patent, trademark, trade secret or other proprietary rights or rights of publicity or privacy;
that violates any law, statute, ordinance or regulation (including, but not limited to, those governing export control, consumer protection, unfair competition, anti-discrimination or false advertising)
that is, or may reasonably be considered to be, defamatory, libelous, hateful, racially or religiously biased or offensive, unlawfully threatening or unlawfully
harassing to any individual, partnership or corporation
for which you were compensated or granted any consideration by any third party
that includes any information that references other websites, addresses, email addresses, contact information or phone numbers
that contains any computer viruses, worms or other potentially damaging computer programs or files.
You agree to indemnify and hold Professional Plastics (and its officers, directors, agents, subsidiaries, joint ventures, employees and third-party service providers), harmless from all claims, demands, and damages (actual and consequential) of every kind and nature, known and unknown including reasonable attorneys' fees, arising out of a breach of your representations and warranties set forth above, or your violation of any law or the rights of a third party.
For any content that you submit, you grant Professional Plastics a perpetual, irrevocable, royalty-free, transferable right and license to use, copy, modify, delete in its entirety, adapt, publish, translate, create derivative works from and/or sell and/or distribute such content and/or incorporate such content into any form, medium or technology throughout the world without compensation to you.
All content that you submit may be used at Professional Plastics's sole discretion. Professional Plastics reserves the right to change, condense or delete any content on Professional Plastics' website that Professional Plastics deems, in its sole discretion, to violate the content guidelines or any other provision of these Terms of Use. Professional Plastics does not guarantee that you will have any recourse through Professional Plastics to edit or delete any content you have submitted. Ratings and written comments are generally posted within two to four business days. However, Professional Plastics reserves the right to remove or to refuse to post any submission for any reason. You acknowledge that you, not Professional Plastics, are responsible for the contents of your submission. None of the content that you submit shall be subject to any obligation of confidence on the part of Professional Plastics, its agents, subsidiaries, affiliates, partners or third party service providers and their respective directors, officers and employees.
Professional Plastics may require you to provide certain information or data in order to submit a review. By submitting a review, you agree and consent to Professional Plastics' promotional use and display (whether online or offline) of all such information or data you provide with, or as part of, your review (including, but not limited to, any name, user name, screen name or other identifier, and any age, location, or other personal information you choose to provide).
View In English
Contacteer ons
Locaties
Over Ons
Zending volgen
Registreer
Log in
Translate