Gambaran Keseluruhan Frac Balls - Fracturing Balls
Memanfaatkan takungan gas yang ketat memerlukan keupayaan untuk patah telaga mengikut keperluan pengeluaran. Kebanyakannya memerlukan banyak patah melintang di lokasi tertentu di dalam sumur mendatar. Untuk memaksimumkan produktiviti, penciptaan pelbagai patah tulang adalah sangat penting.
Satu kaedah yang popular untuk mewujudkan fraktur ialah penggunaan frac port & lengan gelongsor. Pembungkus pembuka lubang mengasingkan bahagian yang berlainan dari sumur mendatar. Lengan gelongsor diletakkan di antara setiap pasangan pembungkus dan dibuka dengan menyuntik bola di dalam lubang bor. Biasanya, rentetan kompresit diletakkan di dalam telaga. Rentetan itu termasuk pelabuhan frac dan pembungkus lubang terbuka yang bersempadan dengan spesifikasi. Jarak antara pembungkus boleh sampai beberapa ratus kaki. Pembungkus digerakkan oleh mekanik mekanikal, hidraulik atau kimia. Untuk mengaktifkan setiap lengan, bola bersaiz betul dipam bersama-sama dengan cecair patah di dalam telaga. Setiap bola lebih kecil daripada pembukaan semua lengan sebelumnya, tetapi lebih besar daripada lengan yang dimaksudkan untuk dibuka. Papan duduk bola menimbulkan tekanan pada akhir pemasangan lengan gelongsor, menyebabkan ia meluncur dan membuka pelabuhan frac. Sebaik sahaja pelabuhan dibuka, bendalir dialihkan ke ruang terbuka di luar perhimpunan siap, casuing pembentukan untuk patah.
Pada setiap peringkat fraktur, bola yang lebih besar akan disuntik ke dalam sumur, yang membuka lengan seterusnya, dan sebagainya, sehingga semua lengan dibuka dan banyak patah dibuat di dalam telaga. Kelebihan utama teknik penyelesaian ini adalah kelajuan operasi yang juga mengurangkan kos.
Biasanya, saiz bola dipentaskan dalam .500 "atau .250" kenaikan. Ia adalah improtant untuk memahami bahawa proses ini tidak tanpa risiko kegagalan dan hanya perlu dilakukan selepas penyelidikan dan pertimbangan yang cukup. Palam frac direka untuk mengelak dari atas palam sahaja. Setiap palam menggunakan bola patah plastik yang menutup di atas mandrel. Bola fraktur bebas untuk melepas mandrel dengan tekanan atau aliran dari bawah palam. Ini membolehkan aliran balik segera semua zon berikutan rawatan.
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