फिनोलिक
PHENOLIC
Phenolic sheet is a hard, dense material
made by applying heat and pressure to layers of paper or glass cloth
impregnated with synthetic resin. These layers of laminations are usually of
cellulose paper, cotton fabrics, synthetic yarn fabrics, glass fabrics or
unwoven fabrics. When heat and pressure are applied to the layers, a chemical
reaction (polymerization) transforms the layers into a high-pressure thermosetting
industrial laminated plastic.
PROPERTIES
Excellent dielectric strength
Good machinability
Light weight
Heat and wear resistant
Resists corrosion and chemicals
Good mechanical strength &
dimensional stability
Low moisture absorption
APPLICATIONS
Terminal
boards
Switches
Bearings
Gears
Wear strips
Gaskets
Washers
Transformers
Machining components
Industrial laminates
PAPER REINFORCED PHENOLIC
NEMA XX per MIL-I-24768 PBG
Normal electrical applications, moderate mechanical strength, continuous
operating temperature of 250°F.
CANVAS REINFORCED PHENOLIC
NEMA C per MIL-I-24768 TYPE FBM
NEMA CE per MIL-I-24768 TYPE FBG
Good mechanical and impact strength with contiunuous
operating temperature of 250°F.
LINEN REINFORCED PHENOLIC
NEMA L per MIL-I-24768 TYPE FBI
NEMA LE per MIL-I-24768 TYPE FEI
Good mechanical & electrical strength. Recommended for
intricate high strength parts. Continuous operating
temperature 250°F.
NYLON REINFORCED PHENOLIC
NEMA N-1 per MIL-I-24768 TYPE NPG
|
MADE WITH |
USED IN |
FEATURES |
NEMA GRADE |
COLOR |
|
PAPER PHENOLIC |
Mechanical grade,
intricate punch parts, insulating washers, switch bases. terminal
boards |
Requires little to no preheating.
good cold shearing, cold punch |
XP XP XP |
Tan Black Chocolate |
|
PAPER PHENOLIC |
Mechanical grade, intricate punch
parts |
Excellent cold punch and cold
shearing |
XPC XPC XPC |
Chocolate Tan Black |
|
PAPER PHENOLIC |
Mechanical grade, punch parts
3/32" max thickness |
Non Nema,
warm punch |
|
Tan Chocolate Black |
|
PAPER PHENOLIC |
Mechanical grade |
Non Nema,
warm punch |
|
Tan Chocolate Black |
|
PAPER PHENOLIC |
Mechanical grade, terminal boards,
structural parts, switch bases, washers, panels |
General purpose. high mechanical strength,
electrical properties are secondary |
X |
Natural |
|
PAPER PHENOLIC |
Electrical grade, switch board
panels, relay and switch bases, breaker arms, barriers |
Electrical insulation in dry or humid
conditions, good machining, fair mechanical strength |
XX XX |
Natural Black |
|
PAPER PHENOLIC |
Electrical grade, panel boards,
high voltage switch, gear, radio, television panels |
Electrical insulation, high humidity
resistance, good dimensional stability, excellent resistance to splitting |
XXX XX |
Natural |
|
PAPER PHENOLIC |
Mechanical grade, intricate punch
parts, insulating washers, switch bases, terminal boards |
Solid black color throughout, requires
little to no preheating, good cold shear and punch |
XP |
Black |
|
PAPER PHENOLIC |
Mechanical grade, thick punch
parts 3/32" through 1/4" |
Ultra Soft punch plate, cold
punch. Solid black color throughout |
XPC XPC |
Natural Black |
|
PAPER PHENOLIC |
Electrical grade, punch parts,
electronic equipment, insulating washers and spacers |
Electrical insulation, low
dielectric losses in severe humidity, warm punch |
XXP |
Tan |
|
PAPER PHENOLIC |
Electrical grade, punch parts,
radio & TV terminal boards, panels, U.L. listed as 65M03 unclad |
Cold punch and shearing, high
insulation resistance and low dielectric losses under severe humidity |
XXXPC |
Natural |
|
FINE WEAVE COTTON CLOTH PHENOLIC |
Mechanical grade, fine tooth
gears, radio parts, terminal boards |
High mechanical strength, good
appearance, good machining qualities |
L |
Natural |
|
FINE WEAVE COTTON CLOTH PHENOLIC |
Electrical - mechanical grade,
marine relay bases, terminal bases and strips, radio parts, high humidity applications |
Electrical and mechanical
strength, moisture resistance |
LE LE |
Natural Black |
|
FINE WEAVE COTTON CLOTH PHENOLIC |
Mechanical grade - for fine
machined parts, gears, radio parts, terminal boards |
Fine weave canvas where better than
CE machining characteristics are required & grade L cannot be justified |
|
Natural |
|
MEDIUM WEAVE COTTON CLOTH PHENOLIC |
Mechanical grade, gears, pinions,
spacers, structural applications |
Economy grade, high impact strength,
good mechanical properties |
C |
Natural |
|
MEDIUM WEAVE COTTON CLOTH PHENOLIC |
Mechanical - electrical grade,
small gears, pinions, radio parts, marine switch board panels |
Economy grade, good acid
resistance, low voltage, low frequency electrical performance |
CE |
Natural |
|
MEDIUM WEAVE COTTON CLOTH PHENOLIC |
Mechanical grade, marine bearings,
piston and packing rings, pump valve, doctor blades, marine Phenolic |
Low moisture absorption,
dimensional stability |
|
Natural |
|
MEDIUM WEAVE COTTON CLOTH PHENOLIC |
Mechanical grade, valves, plating
tanks |
Low moisture absorption, good
dimensional stability, good resistance to acids and alkalies |
|
Natural |
|
MEDIUM WEAVE COTTON CLOTH PHENOLIC |
Mechanical grade, support blocks, spacers
for liquid oxygen tanks |
Special formulation for cryogenic
applications, property retention at extremely low temperatures |
|
Natural |
|
MEDIUM WEAVE COTTON CLOTH PHENOLIC |
Mechanical grade, packing rings,
pistons, bearings |
Canvas with molylodenum
disulfide, low coefficient of friction |
|
Green |
|
MEDIUM WEAVE COTTON CLOTH PHENOLIC |
Mechanical grade, wire stranders, heat dissipation applications |
Canvas with copper screen |
|
Natural |
|
MEDIUM WEAVE COTTON CLOTH PHENOLIC |
Mechanical grade, pistons, packing
rings, textile mill bearings |
Canvas with graphite,
self-lubricating, low coefficient of friction |
|
Black |
|
GLASS CLOTH MELAMINE |
Electrical - mechanical grade, switch
board panels, arc barriers, circuit breaker parts, structural electrical
parts |
High mechanical strength high arc
and heat resistance, self-extinguishing, excellent electrical properties
under dry conditions |
G-5 |
Gray |
|
GLASS CLOTH MELAMINE |
Electrical - mechanical grade,
marine switch board panels, structural parts |
High mechanical strength, high arc
and heat resistance, self-extinguishing, excellent electrical properties
under dry and humid conditions |
G-9 |
Gray |
|
GLASS CLOTH SILICONE |
Electrical grade, class H
insulation, heating-appliance insulation |
Good electrical properties under
humid conditions, excellent heat and arc resistance, self-extinguishing |
G-7 |
White |
|
GLASS CLOTH EPOXY |
Electrical - mechanical grade, terminal
boards, high humidity applications, U.L. listed as 65M38 unclad |
High flexural, impact and bond
strength at room temperatures, good electrical properties under dry and humid
conditions |
G-10 |
Green |
|
GLASS CLOTH EPOXY |
Electrical - mechanical grade,
rotor slot insulation, structural members at elevated temperatures |
High mechanical strength at
temperatures up 150°C, retains 50% of its flexural strength at elevated
temperatures |
G-11 |
Green |
Typical properties of phenolics
|
ASTM or UL test |
Property |
General purpose |
Impact |
Non bleeding |
Electrical |
Heat resistant |
Glass reinforced |
Chemical resistant compound |
|
PHYSICAL |
||||||||
|
D792 |
Specific gravity |
1.35- 1.46 |
1.36- 1.41 |
1.37- 1.38 |
1.36- 1.75 |
1.41- 1.84 |
1.7- 2.0 |
1.37- 1.75 |
|
D570 |
Water absorption, 24 hours, 1/8
inch thick (%) |
0.6-0.7 |
0.6-0.9 |
0.8-0.9 |
0.05- 0.20 |
0.30- 0.35 |
0.05- 0.2 |
0.20- 0.40 |
|
MECHANICAL |
||||||||
|
D651 |
Tensile strength (psi) |
6,500- 7,000 |
6,000- 7,000 |
6,000- 7,000 |
5,000- 7,000 |
5,000- 6,000 |
6,000- 12,000 |
7,000- 9,000 |
|
D790 |
Flexural modulus (105 psi) |
11-13 |
12 |
10 |
17-25 |
14 |
20-30 |
10 |
|
D790 |
Flexural strength (psi) |
9,000- 11,000 |
10,000 |
10,000 |
9,000- 11,000 |
10,000 |
12,000- 24,000 |
9,500 |
|
D256 |
Impact strength, izod (ft-lb/in. of notch) |
0.30- 0.35 |
0.6- 1.05 |
0.28 |
0.28- 0.45 |
0.26 |
0.4-1.5 |
0.50 |
|
D785 |
Hardness, Rockwell E |
70-95 |
82 |
82 |
75-88 |
94 |
92-104 |
76 |
|
THERMAL |
||||||||
|
C177 |
Thermal conductivity (104 cal -
cm/sec- cm2- °C) |
7.1 |
7.9 |
- |
16.0 |
- |
- |
8.8 |
|
D696 |
Coefficient of thermal expansion (105
in./in.-°C) |
3.95 |
3.56 |
4.40 |
2.60 |
2.80 |
1.80 |
3.60 |
|
D648 |
Deflection temperature (°F) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
UL94 |
Flammability rating 1/8 inch |
V-1 |
HB |
- |
V-0 |
V-0 |
V-0 |
HB |
|
ELECTRICAL |
||||||||
|
D149 |
Dielectric strength (V/mil) short
time, 1/8 in. thick |
350 |
350-400 |
200 |
400 |
170 |
400 |
175 |
|
D150 |
Dielectric constant At 1kHz |
5.2-5.3 |
5.2-5.4 |
- |
4.9-6.5 |
11.7 |
4.4 |
7.8 |
|
D150 |
Dissipation factor At 1kHz |
0.04- 0.05 |
0.04- 0.06 |
- |
0.025- 0.10 |
0.15 |
0.03 |
0.12 |
|
D257 |
Volume resistivity
(ohm-cm) At 73°F, 50% RH |
1011- 1012 |
1011- 1012 |
1012 |
1011- 1013 |
1012 |
1012 |
1011 |
|
D495 |
Arc resistance(s) |
100 |
50 |
- |
184 |
181 |
181 |
- |
Thermoset Plastic
Laminate.
Thermoset Plastic Laminate is a uniformly dense and structurally
strong material that will not soften appreciably under the reapplication of
heat. It is an extremely durable plastic that is lightweight and moisture
resistant. Industrial laminates are thermoset resin
impregnated reinforcing materials (paper, cotton fabric, glass fabric, etc.)
that are cured under heat and pressure to form solid shapes having high
mechanical and electrical insulating properties. Laminates are available in
sheet, rod, tube, and angle. Since laminates are comprised of a combination of
materials, they are also referred to as composites.
Standard stock grades include:
G1O/FR4 Glass Reinforced Epoxy - natural (yellowish to light
green) The most versatile all around laminate, this
grade is a continuous glass woven fabric base impregnated with an epoxy resin
binder. It has extremely high mechanical strength, good dielectric loss
properties, and good electric strength properties, both wet and dry. Certifies
to Mil-I-24768/27 GEE-F
G11/FRS Glass Reinforced Epoxy - natural (yellow green to
amber) This grade is similar to G10/FR4, with the
addition of a higher operating temperature and some improved mechanical
strength at elevated temperatures. Certifies to Mil-I-24768/28 GEB -F
G5/G9 Class Reinforced Melamine - natural (grayish brown) This grade is composed of a continuous glass woven cloth
base impregnated with a melamine resin binder. Melamines
are the hardest of all laminates, exhibiting good dimensional stability and are
resistance. It is also caustic resistant. Certifies to Mil-I-24768/1 CME
G7 Glass Reinforced Silicone - natural (cream to white)
Composed of a continuous glass woven cloth base impregnated with a silicone
resin binder,this grade has
excellent heat and are resistance. It has extremely good dielectric loss
properties under dry conditions and good electrical properties under humid
conditions, although the percentage of change is high. Certifies to
Mil-I-24768117 GSG
X/XX/XXX Paper Reinforced Phenolic
- natural (tan) This grade is composed of a paper base
impregnated with a phenolic resin binder. It has good
electric strength properties with fair mechanical strength. Outstanding
for use as template material and or backup material. Certifies to
Mil-I-24768112
C/CE Cotton Fabric Reinforced Phenolic
- natural (light tan to brown) This grade is composed
of a continuous cotton woven cloth impregnated with a phenolic
resin binder. This grade contains a medium weave canvas and is known primarily
for it's mechanical properties. This grade is not
recommended for primary insulation. Certifies to Mil- I-24768/14 FBG
Linen L/LE Cotton Fabric Reinforced Phenolic
- natural (light tan to brown) This grade is composed
of a continuous cotton woven cloth impregnated with a phenolic
resin binder. This grade contains a fine weave linen and, like the canvas phenolic, is known for it's
mechanical properties. The finer weave allows for machining more intricate
details than Canvas, like gear teeth. This grade is not recommended. for primary insulation. Certifies to Mil-I-24768/13 FBE
Mat Glass Reinforced Polyester - GPO-1 (tan) and GPO-3 (red)
These grades are composed of random mat (non-woven)
fiberglass reinforcement held together by a polyester resin binder. GPO-3
offers superior arc and track resistance.
THERMOSET SHEET TOLERANCES
All measurements are in inches
|
THICKNESS |
ALL |
ALL |
ALL |
C |
CE |
L |
LE |
|
.005 |
±.001 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
.010 |
±.002 |
- |
±.002 |
- |
- |
±.003 |
±.003 |
|
.015 |
±.003 |
- |
±.0025 |
- |
- |
±.0035 |
±.0035 |
|
.020 |
±.004 |
- |
±.003 |
- |
- |
±.004 |
±.004 |
|
.025 |
±.0045 |
- |
±.0035 |
- |
- |
±.004 |
±.004 |
|
.031 |
±.0065 |
±.0075 |
±.0035 |
±.0065 |
±.0065 |
±.005 |
±.005 |
|
.047 |
±.0075 |
- |
±.0045 |
±.0075 |
±.0075 |
±.0055 |
±.0055 |
|
.062 |
±.0075 |
±.0075 |
±.005 |
±.0075 |
±.0075 |
±.006 |
±.006 |
|
.093 |
±.009 |
±.009 |
±.007 |
±.009 |
±.009 |
±.007 |
±.007 |
|
.125 |
±.012 |
±.010 |
±.008 |
±.010 |
±.010 |
±.008 |
±.008 |
|
.156 |
±.015 |
±.011 |
±.009 |
±.011 |
±.011 |
±.009 |
±.009 |
|
.187 |
±.019 |
±.0125 |
±.010 |
±.0125 |
±.0125 |
±.010 |
±.010 |
|
.250 |
±.022 |
±.015 |
±.012 |
+.030 |
±.015 |
+.024 |
±.012 |
|
.312 |
±.026 |
- |
±.0145 |
+.035 |
±.0175 |
+.029 |
±.0145 |
|
.375 |
±.030 |
±.020 |
±.017 |
+.040 |
±.020 |
+.034 |
±.017 |
|
.437 |
±.033 |
- |
±.019 |
+.044 |
±.022 |
+.038 |
±.019 |
|
.500 |
±.036 |
±.024 |
±.021 |
+.048 |
±.024 |
+.042 |
±.021 |
|
.625 |
±.040 |
±.027 |
±.024 |
+.053 |
±.027 |
+.053 |
±.024 |
|
.750 |
±.043 |
±.029 |
±.027 |
+.058 |
±.029 |
+.054 |
±.027 |
|
.875 |
±.046 |
- |
±.030 |
+.062 |
±.031 |
+.060 |
±.030 |
|
1.000 |
±.049 |
±.033 |
±.033 |
+.065 |
±.033 |
+.065 |
±.033 |
|
1.250 |
±.055 |
- |
±.037 |
+.073 |
±.037 |
+.073 |
±.037 |
|
1.500 |
±.061 |
- |
±.041 |
+.081 |
±.041 |
+.081 |
±.041 |
|
1.750 |
±.067 |
- |
±.045 |
+.089 |
±.045 |
+.089 |
±.045 |
|
2.000 |
±.073 |
- |
±.049 |
+.097 |
±.049 |
+.097 |
±.049 |
Sheet tolerance thickness - At least 90% of the sheet will
measure within the tolerance given in the above table.
Sheet tolerance Length and Width - The tolerance in length
and width of standard sheet sizes will be plus or minus 1" from standard.
|
Thickness |
Percentage |
36" width |
48" length |
|
.031 - .062 |
5.0% |
1.800 |
2.400 |
|
.063 - .125 |
2.5% |
.900 |
1.200 |
|
.126 - 2.50 |
1.0% |
.360 |
.480 |
|
.251 - .750 |
0.5% |
.180 |
.240 |
|
.750 - max |
0.25% |
.090 |
.120 |
Sheet tolerance Warp and Twist - In the case of warp, this
percentage is stated in terms of the lateral dimensions (length or width); in
the case of twist, one corner to the diagonally opposite corner.
** The value for grade G-7 is 1.5 percent
Note 1- These values do not apply to cut pieces but only to sheet sizes
manufactured.
Note 2- For method of measuring warp and twist, see ASTM-D-709
Copyright Professional Plastics,
Inc. 2001├éΓÇ™
All rights reserved
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