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Frac Balls - Breken Ballen
OVERZICHT van Frac-ballen - fractuurballen
Het gebruik van strakke gasreservoirs vereist de mogelijkheid om putten te breken volgens de productie-eisen. De meeste vereisen meerdere transversale fracturen op specifieke locaties in de horizontale put. Om de productiviteit te maximaliseren, is het creëren van meerdere fracturen van cruciaal belang.
Een populaire methode voor het maken van breuken is het gebruik van frac-poorten en schuifmoffen. Opengatverpakkers isoleren verschillende secties van de horizontale put. Tussen elk pakketje wordt een schuifhuls geplaatst en deze wordt geopend door een kogel in het boorgat te injecteren. Meestal wordt een compleiton-reeks in de put geplaatst. De reeks omvat frac-poorten en open-gatpackers op een afstand van de specificaties. De afstand tussen packaers kan tot enkele honderden voeten zijn. De pakkers worden aangedreven door mechanische, hydraulische of chemische mechanismen. Om elke hoes te activeren, wordt een bal met de juiste afmeting samen met een breekmedium in de put gepompt. Elke bal is kleiner dan de opening van alle vorige sleeves, maar groter dan de sleeve die hij wil openen. De plaatsing van de bal oefent druk uit aan het einde van het schuifmofsamenstel, waardoor deze schuift en de frac-poorten opent. Wanneer de poort eenmaal is geopend, wordt de vloeistof naar de open gatruimte buiten het voltooiingsamenstel geleid, waardoor de formatie tot breuk komt.
Bij het voltooien van elke breukfase wordt de volgende grotere bal geïnjecteerd in de put, die de volgende huls opent, enzovoort, totdat alle hulzen zijn geopend en meerdere breuken in de put zijn gecreëerd. Het belangrijkste voordeel van deze completeringstechniek is de snelheid van werken die ook de kosten verlaagt.
Meestal worden balgroottes opgedeeld in stappen van .500 "of .250". Het is ongepast om te begrijpen dat dit proces niet zonder risico van mislukken is en alleen mag worden ondernomen na veel onderzoek en aandacht. Frac-pluggen zijn ontworpen om alleen van boven de plug af te dichten. Elke plug maakt gebruik van een plastic breekkogel die op de doorn afdicht. De breekbol is vrij om van de doorn te zweven met druk of stroming van onder de plug. Hierdoor is onmiddellijke flowback van alle zones na behandeling mogelijk.
FUNCTIES EN VOORDELEN van Frac Balls - Fracturing Balls
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